Converting second-hand vehicles into electric provides consumers with a more sustainable way to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. Not only does it help extend the lifespan of existing vehicles, but it also offers a multitude of economic and environmental benefits.

In this Tembo Insight, we explore the potential of turning second-hand vehicles into electric. Let us find out what positive impacts it can have on businesses and the environment.

The Economic Engine of EV Conversion

Converting second-hand vehicles into electric offers a multitude of economic advantages, making it an attractive proposition for savvy consumers and forward-thinking businesses.

1. Lowers Operating Costs

EVs have significantly lower operating costs compared to traditional petrol or diesel vehicles. With electricity prices typically considerably cheaper than fossil fuels, EV owners enjoy substantial savings on fuel expenses over the lifetime of their vehicles.

2. Reduces Maintenance Costs

EVs boast simpler mechanical systems with fewer moving parts compared to internal combustion engine vehicles. This translates to lower maintenance costs, as EV owners save money on routine services like oil changes, transmission servicing, and exhaust system repairs.

3. Extends Vehicle Lifespan

Converting a second-hand vehicle into electric can extend its lifespan, allowing owners to maximize their investment. Electric drivetrains offer greater durability and reliability, providing a longer-lasting transportation solution.

4. Increases Vehicle Resale Value

Well-maintained second-hand electric vehicles can retain their value better than gasoline or diesel counterparts. As the demand for EVs continues to rise, owners may enjoy higher resale prices when selling their converted electric vehicles in the future.

5. Qualifies Owners for Tax Incentives and Rebates

Many governments incentivise the adoption of EVs through tax credits, rebates, or grants. By converting a second-hand vehicle into an electric one, owners may qualify for these financial incentives, reducing the upfront costs of electrification.

6. Qualifies Owners for Exemption from Emissions-Based Fees

Electric vehicles are often exempt from emissions-based fees like congestion charges or tolls, implemented by cities to reduce pollution. Converting a second-hand vehicle into electric can save owners money on these fees, particularly in urban areas with strict emission regulations.

7. Increases Energy Independence

Transitioning to electric vehicles reduces dependence on imported fossil fuels, promoting energy independence and resilience to fuel supply disruptions. Investing in electric transportation supports local economies and reduces exposure to volatile oil markets.

8. Creates Jobs and Promotes Economic Growth

The shift towards EVs stimulates economic activity and creates jobs in industries related to EV manufacturing, infrastructure development, and renewable energy production. Converting second-hand vehicles into electric contributes to the growth of the green economy and supports local employment opportunities in the Power sector.

9. Increases Environmental Cost Savings

The economic benefits of electric vehicle conversion extend to avoiding environmental costs. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution-related healthcare expenses, and environmental cleanup costs, electrifying transportation delivers long-term economic value to society.

Driving Towards Environmental Excellence

Beyond the realm of economics, the conversion of second-hand vehicles into electric holds immense promise for environmental conservation and sustainability.

1. Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions

EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions when powered by electricity from renewable sources. By converting second-hand vehicles into electric, carbon dioxide emissions from transportation are significantly reduced, helping to mitigate climate change.

2. Helps Improve Air Quality

Eliminating tailpipe emissions from petrol and diesel vehicles improves local air quality, reducing harmful pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Converting second-hand vehicles into electric contributes to cleaner and healthier air in urban areas, benefiting public health and quality of life.

3. Reduces Noise Pollution

EVs operate quietly compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, which emit noise from engines and exhaust systems. By converting second-hand vehicles into electric, noise pollution from transportation is reduced, creating quieter and more peaceful urban environments.

4. Helps Conserves Fossil Fuels

Electric vehicles reduce the demand for finite fossil fuels like petrol and diesel, which have significant environmental impacts associated with extraction, refining, and combustion. Converting second-hand vehicles into electric helps conserve fossil fuels for future generations and reduces dependence on imported oil.

5. Minimises Resource Extraction

EVs use batteries made from materials like lithium, cobalt, and nickel, mined from the earth's crust. By recycling and repurposing batteries in converted second-hand vehicles, the need for raw material extraction is minimized, reducing the environmental impact of mining activities and preserving natural habitats.

6. Promotes Renewable Energy Use

Electric vehicles can be charged using electricity generated from renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. By converting second-hand vehicles into electric and powering them with clean energy, the environmental footprint of transportation is further reduced, supporting the transition to a low-carbon energy system.

7. Mitigates Urban Heat Island Effect

EVs produce less waste heat compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, which dissipate heat through engines and exhaust systems. By converting second-hand vehicles into electric, the heat island effect in urban areas is mitigated, reducing energy consumption for cooling and improving urban microclimates.

8. Helps Protect Ecosystems and Biodiversity

Electric vehicles have lower environmental impacts throughout their lifecycle, including reduced habitat destruction, water pollution, and ecosystem degradation. Converting second-hand vehicles into electric ones reduces the ecological footprint of transportation.

9. Demonstrates Sustainable Practices

Converting second-hand vehicles into electric serves as a tangible example of sustainable living and responsible consumption. Adopting electric transportation solutions allows individuals and businesses to demonstrate their commitment to environmental stewardship, inspiring others to follow suit and fostering a culture of sustainability and collective action.

Unlocking Sustainability through Green Vehicles

Converting second-hand vehicles into electric offers a win-win solution for both the economy and the environment. By extending the lifespan of existing vehicles, stimulating economic growth, and reducing emissions, electric conversions offer a pathway towards a more sustainable transportation system.

With concerted efforts and investments from policymakers, manufacturers, and consumers, aging vehicle fleets can be transformed into a clean, efficient, and environmentally friendly transportation system, paving the way for a brighter future for generations to come.

Tembo Electric Vehicle Solutions

Tembo offers EV conversion kits designed to breathe new life into second-hand vehicles, transforming them into efficient, eco-friendly transportation solutions. Our cutting-edge technology and expertise in electric mobility allow our customers to embrace the future of transportation while maximising the value of their existing vehicles.

Tembo EV conversion kits offer a flexible and cost-effective solution for transitioning to electric drive. By retrofitting second-hand vehicles with electric drivetrain, owners can enjoy lower operating costs, reduced emissions, and enhanced performance, all while extending the lifespan of their beloved vehicles.

At Tembo, we are committed to driving positive change and accelerating the adoption of sustainable transportation solutions. Our EV conversion kits represent a significant step toward a greener, more sustainable future, where every vehicle on the road contributes to a cleaner, healthier planet.

For more news and insights, stay tuned to the Tembo website.

A battery pack, comprised of a collection of modules enclosed together, forms a crucial component within electric vehicles (EVs). It is often a large assembly integrated into the vehicle's structure.

In this edition of our Battery Safety series, we will focus on the safety considerations concerning a single battery pack assembly.

Maintaining Structural Integrity

The first safety consideration is structural integrity, as the whole pack constitutes a significant mass. The strength and stiffness are unquestionably important as the mass influences the way the battery pack structurally behaves, both separate from the vehicle and when installed in the vehicle. The pack and its structure must be capable of withstanding many static and dynamic loadings.

Statically, there are bending and torsional loadings that must not overstress the materials. Dynamically, there are forces and accelerations in all directions that need to be considered, and optimising the structure and mounting regime requires the use of conventional analysis techniques for stiffness, strength, and fatigue.

Assembling the Battery Pack

Assembling the battery pack brings together high voltage (HV) harnesses to electrically connect each module, and the high voltage safety is now a consideration as connecting modules brings the hazard of dangerously high voltage.

To mitigate these risks, careful thought as to the connection methodology for the high-voltage harness is a must. The low voltage system includes the Battery Management System (BMS) connections from the modules to the master, and any other connections including sensors, communications etc.

The BMS is now a full system with the master able to communicate with the ‘slave boards’ inside the modules and to report back to the Vehicle Controller.

Depending on the system specification, the BMS may include drivers for switching coolant circulation pumps, fans, and other components, otherwise, these will be controlled by the Vehicle Controller to maintain the cell temperatures in their comfort and safety zones.

Using Coolant Systems

The coolant system connections are typically within the battery pack assembly, and these can be proprietary quick-release connections or others, however, there may be design rules that prohibit this.

A large European OEM has corporate design rules that do not allow any liquid coolant connections within the battery pack enclosure. This is to mitigate any potential short circuits due to coolant leaks within the pack itself.

Overall, short-circuit protective devices would ultimately prevent this, however, this corporate rule adds an additional level of safety protection.

Using Alternative Cooling Methods

In our previous articles, we discussed the importance of maintaining the temperature of the cells for the whole battery system. Another key element that EV battery manufacturers need to consider is the pack’s mechanical integrity.

The typical thermal management of an HV battery system is based on a ‘conventional’ automotive 50/50 water/glycol solution to absorb excess heat and transport it from the battery pack. It may or may not be force-cooled using the onboard air conditioning or refrigeration system.

While the process is a very cost-effective way of maintaining the cell temperature, there are alternatives that manufacturers can use. A sophisticated thermal management system may be heat-pump based which, albeit more effective, adds a level of complexity.

• Relying on the Battery Pack’s Thermal Mass

The simplest form of thermal management is to rely on the thermal mass of the pack itself. This is passive cooling - there is no active warming or cooling at all. When the cells start to work, they will take some time to start warming up. This is particularly the case for large format cells.

Some electric buses and trains utilise this method, as it is suited to large-capacity, low-performance packs. This method was used on the first generation of the Nissan Leaf passenger car.

• Relying on Air Cooling

Air cooling is a very simple method that flows air through a battery pack and around the cells and modules. The trade-off for this simplicity is that it is not very effective. This can be seen particularly in high-performance battery packs where the cells are being worked hard.

• Relying on Dielectric Fluid

As the pack performance increases, so does the cooling requirement. Liquid cooling systems have been previously described. However, an alternative to this is using a dielectric fluid, which is a non-electrically conductive fluid – an oil of some sort.

Although the specific heat capacity compared with water/glycol is lower, the benefit is that it can directly flow over the cells and electronics, providing an immediate point of contact with the components that require cooling.

Due to the hazard of short circuits, a water/glycol solution needs to be somewhat remote from the ‘live’ cooled surfaces, relying on the inefficient thermal conductivity through whatever medium material it flows through (cooling plate, tubes) before the heat is transferred to the liquid.

• Relying on Phase- or State-Change Materials

Alternatives to thermal management include using phase- or state-change materials, PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) elements, and heat tubes. However, these examples are beyond the scope of this article.

An interesting modern battery pack variation is the Cell-To-Pack (CTP). This is where the module stage is bypassed, and the cells are mechanically assembled directly into the whole pack and integrate body or chassis structural elements as part of the pack.

Depending on the OEM, there are further alternatives such as Cell-To-Chassis or Cell-To-Body, where the cells are directly integrated into the vehicle structure assembly.

Integrating Subsystems into a Single Unit

The design for the safety of the whole pack is an integration of all the subsystems into one single unit. Mechanical design, high- and low-voltage electrical design, sensors, pumps, valves, and all the elements of thermal management together, form the basis of the whole battery pack design and development.

At a concept level, whichever methodology is implemented requires the management of many trade-offs or compromises, which is a typical demand in the domain of whole vehicle design.

Recap

To recap our Battery Safety series, we discussed how to keep EV batteries safe at the cell level through chemistry. Manufacturers use cell chemistry to manage trade-offs in the batteries’ characteristics such as specific energy, specific power, safety, performance, lifespan, and cost.

We also looked at how battery safety is prioritised once the different cells are combined into a single module. This is where we found out how the construction of the cells in cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch formats can play a key role in the stability of modules.

In this article, we just finished exploring how modules are assembled into battery packs, with a particular focus on the structural integrity of each one. Having the right coolant system can determine whether the pack stays safe and functional once placed in an electric vehicle. All of these elements are important to battery safety and are carefully considered, monitored, tested, and integrated by Tembo’s expert team to ensure the highest standards of safety to operate an Electric Utility Vehicle (EUV) in a large variety of terrains, climates, and use cases.

For more news and insights, stay tuned to the Tembo e-LV website.

Every electric vehicle maker has to make sure that EV batteries are safe to use. EV batteries store large amounts of energy, and if not properly designed, manufactured, and maintained, can pose hazards, although these are significantly less likely than fire hazards in ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) vehicles.

In this edition of our Battery Safety series, we will look at how manufacturers approach the design of their EV batteries at the module level. Let’s find out how much attention these companies pay to keep their batteries safe.

What is a Module?

A module is a collection of cells that are kept in an enclosure. When several of these modules are assembled into a single unit, they are called a complete battery pack. A recurring theme for battery safety at every level is thermal management – keeping the cells at a temperature they “like” to be at.

At a more detailed level, a battery module is a collection of cells mechanically secured and electrically connected in a combination of series and parallel connections to provide the desired voltage and capacity.

At this stage, the format of the cell is chosen from 3 basic formats:

• Cylindrical
• Prismatic
• Pouch

Each of these formats shows certain safety characteristics that can be compared to make the choice.

Within the module, the most important safety device is the Battery Management System (BMS). Typically, a module would include a local BMS board that would monitor cell voltage and temperature, reporting to the BMS master.

If the sensors detect temperatures increasing, the BMS can act accordingly such as de-rating the power or increasing the cooling.

Using Cylindrical Cells

Alkaline cylindrical cells (such as sizes AAA; AA; C; D etc) have been used for decades for consumer electronics and other segments. For lithium cells, a commodity format used for consumer electronics is known as the 18650 cell – similar in size to the alkaline AA cell.

Many manufacturers offer this cell, and billions are manufactured each year. It’s easy to see why early EVs were manufactured using these cells, albeit in large quantities – for example, the original Tesla Roadster battery pack used 6,831 of these cells. Other sizes of cylindrical cells are available – larger ones are increasingly common.

Temperature control can be maintained by locating the cells next to cooling elements within the module. These can take the form of a hollow plate or strips allowing cooling fluid (usually water/glycol solution) to flow through, removing heat from the cells.

A more effective method is immersion cooling where a dielectric fluid flows directly through the module and the gaps formed in the stack of cylindrical cells. Internally, the module is ‘wet’ – electronics, contacts, everything. Using a non-conductive dielectric fluid enables this without any risk of short circuits and is the most effective way of transferring the heat out of the module.

Additional safety measures can be used such as flame-retardant lining and separating materials between the cells.

Using Pouch Cells

Pouch cells offer advantages over cylindrical cells in that large formats can be produced, reducing the overall cell count. This simplifies the mechanical design of the module, however, as pouch cells are not as mechanically robust as cylindrical cells, attention should be paid to the cell carrier construction.

Additionally, as the cells are charged and discharged, they may swell and contract so this needs to be considered too. Cooling may be simpler than with cylindrical cells as pouch cells offer a large surface area to volume ratio. Heat may be removed simply by flowing air through the module or using thermally conductive material between the cells to move the heat to a cold plate.

Using Prismatic Cells

Prismatic cells offer a simple solution to module construction as they have a robust outer case but offer a much-reduced cell count due to their size. They also offer an improved surface area to volume compared with cylindrical cells for heat rejection in ways described earlier.

Additional Module Requirements

The mechanical design for an automotive application is incredibly important. A vehicle is a moving object, with dynamic inputs, shock loading, and static loading due to the mass of the cells and modules.

Typical structural analysis techniques should be used to understand the stresses on the mechanical structure of the battery cell carriers, the modules, and their mountings within the pack, to design a robust, protective cell enclosure.

Fluid flow analysis may be conducted to optimise the cooling system to match the heat rejection of the cells.

Up Next

We have discussed how to keep EV batteries safe at the cell level and now at the module level. In the next instalment of our Battery Safety series, we will find out the safety measures that can be included in the design of the complete battery pack, including some alternative cooling methods.

For more News & Insights, stay tuned to the Tembo e-LV website.

Designing a Lithium-ion Battery for Safety

In an era dominated by technological advancements, lithium-based batteries have become an indispensable part of our daily lives, powering everything from our smartphones to electric vehicles.

Just as petrol/diesel poses risks as a fuel source, lithium batteries carry their own set of potential hazards. Fortunately, these risks can be effectively managed through meticulous design considerations at every stage, from the individual cell to the assembly of the complete battery pack.

In this first ‘brief’ of our Battery Safety series, we consider certain intricacies of battery design at the cell level. Let’s explore the various methods to minimise risks and enhance safety.

Choosing the Right Chemistry

The chemistry choice is where it starts, and that means managing trade-offs. There are 20 or more characteristics in choosing cell chemistry, but the main ones are:

• Specific Energy
• Specific Power
• Safety
• Performance
• Lifespan
• Cost

Each of these characteristics can be plotted to make a comparison of the different chemistries. To illustrate the point, Lithium Titanate is probably the most inherently stable (therefore safe) chemistry, but the trade-off is that specific energy is low. From a practical standpoint, for a given battery capacity, a Titanate pack would be physically bigger by about a third compared with some of the packs with other chemistries.

Cell Construction for Safety

The physical construction of the cell can offer additional elements of safety. The cell anode and cathode are separated by a permeable layer (the separator) within the electrolyte which allows the flow of ions from one side to the other.

A short circuit within the cell would cause a build-up of heat potentially melting the separator, therefore escalating the short circuit. This chain reaction can cause ‘catastrophic failure’ (to use an engineering term) of the cell. Some cells employ a ceramic separator which has a higher melting point than other types, therefore preventing the chain reaction.

Another element of cell design for safety is the addition of a vent or valve. One effect of a cell's internal failure is a build-up of pressure. The purpose of the vent is to allow this pressure to ‘vent’ outside of the cell to prevent rupture or explosion of the cell.

Other numerous design elements can be employed for cell safety, such as non-combustible case materials.

Safeguarding EVs through their Batteries

Choices made during the battery cell design process play an important role in mitigating potential risks. From carefully selecting cell chemistries with a balanced consideration of specific energy, power, safety, performance, lifespan, and cost, to implementing physical construction features such as ceramic separators and pressure-relief vents, each element contributes to a safer battery design.

Tembo’s team of engineers ensures that all aspects of battery safety are considered to ensure the safety and reliability of its Electric Utility Vehicle (EUV) conversion kit.

Join us in the next edition of our Battery Safety series as we look at the safety measures at the module level of battery design. We will unravel more layers of innovation aimed at ensuring the secure and reliable use of lithium-based batteries.

For more News & Insights, stay tuned to the VivoPower website.

The bustling streets of the Philippines are alive with a kaleidoscope of colors, sounds, and energy. At the heart of this vibrant chaos, one unique and unmistakable presence dominates the roads—the jeepney. Evolving from a war relic into a cultural icon, the jeepney has become an integral part of life in the country. The vehicle symbolises the resilience, adaptability, and the spirit of innovation of Filipinos. 

Join us as we delve into the rich history of the Filipino jeepney in this Tembo Insight. We will trace the vehicle’s origins and development, as well as examine its enduring legacy. 

The Birth of the Jeepney 

The inception of the jeepney can be traced back to the aftermath of World War II. As the dust settled on the war-torn Philippines, the United States military left behind a fleet of surplus Willys and Ford jeeps. These sturdy vehicles, once integral to the war effort, found themselves repurposed in the hands of enterprising Filipinos. The transformation from military utility vehicles to civilian transport marked the birth of the jeepney. 

Faced with a lack of public transportation options, resourceful Filipinos began modifying and customizing the jeeps to accommodate more passengers. These modifications laid the foundation for the distinctive and colorful jeepneys that would later become synonymous with Philippine streets. 

The Jeepney Takes the Road 

With their unique blend of American military heritage and Filipino ingenuity, the jeepneys quickly gained popularity as a mode of public transportation. These vehicles began plying the streets, offering an affordable and accessible means of transportation for the masses. And because the jeepney could navigate both urban and rural terrain, it was quickly adopted across the archipelago. 

As demand for jeepneys grew, so did the need for standardisation and regulation. Government initiatives were introduced to ensure safety standards and regulate fares. The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) oversaw the growth of jeepney fleets, enforced safety regulations, and established routes. 

Today, the jeepney has become an integral part of Filipinos’ way of life. Public utility jeepneys (PUJs) are the main mode of public transportation in the country, and millions of Filipinos rely on them for their daily commutes. In fact, a study by the University of the Philippines estimates that around 9 million people ride these vehicles in Metro Manila alone, and Metro Manila represents only around 15% of the country's population. 

Becoming a Cultural Symbol 

The jeepney is not merely a mode of transportation; it is a canvas that reflects the soul of Filipino culture. It did not take long for locals to turn the public utility vehicles into mobile works of art. Artists started adorning jeepneys with vibrant paintings, intricate designs, and often humorous slogans, turning each jeepney into a moving masterpiece. 

This fusion of art and transportation not only transformed the physical appearance of the jeepney but also elevated its cultural significance. Designing the vehicles allowed Filipinos to showcase their creativity and expressiveness. This helped make the jeepney become a source of pride for the people of the Philippines. 

The Jeepneys in the New Era 

While the jeepney has undeniably become an iconic symbol of Filipino culture, it has not been immune to the challenges of the modern era. Economic pressures, environmental concerns, and changing transportation trends have prompted a reevaluation of the traditional jeepney model. 

With the Philippines prioritising cleaner and greener modes of transportation, the classic jeepney is seemingly being left behind. A vast majority of the vehicles in operation still use internal combustion engines (ICEs) and rely on fossil fuels. This makes them increasingly unsuitable for what the government sees as the future of public transportation. 

Jeepney Modernisation 

In 2017, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) issued the Public Utility Vehicle Modernisation Program (PUVMP). The policy aims to phase out all traditional jeepneys in favour of more sustainable and environmentally friendly versions. This means jeepneys must have either electric, Euro-4, LPG-powered, or hybrid to be allowed on roads. 

Despite its well-meaning intentions, the PUVMP has faced some backlash from various jeepney operators and drivers. At the top of their complaints is the high cost of brand-new modern jeepneys.  

Opposition to the PUVMP has not dampened the Philippine government’s will. The DOTr is committed to seeing the jeepney modernisation program through. They cite the numerous potential environmental and economic benefits of converting ICE jeepneys into electric or hybrid vehicles as motivation. 

Finding Solutions 

To help with jeepney modernisation, the Philippine government is offering subsidies to operators and drivers for each modern jeepney. The current subsidy is pegged at PHP 180,000 (USD 3,200) per unit. However, there are already plans to have Congress increase the offer to PHP 250,000 (USD 4,500). 

In addition, the government wants to transform the fragmented operations of the jeepneys from individualised operations by driver operators or individual operators to centralised operations managed by driver cooperatives or corporations. This requires operators to consolidate their individual franchises into a singular Fleet Management System. The Transportation Department believes consolidation will help improve jeepney operations and formalise employment for thousands of drivers. 

The Philippine government initially set 31 December 2023 as the hard deadline to achieve 100% consolidation. However, the Marcos administration later granted a request by the Transportation Department to move the deadline to 30 April 2024. Jeepney associations who failed to consolidate will have their franchises revoked.

Future-Proofing the Filipinos' Way of Life 

From its humble beginnings as a surplus military vehicle, the jeepney has become a symbol of pride for the Philippines. Its origin showcases the ingenuity of Filipinos to find new uses for things that would have been discarded otherwise. Who else can transform a vehicle of war into a mobile work of art? 

Beyond its cultural impact, the jeepney also serves as a crucial part of Filipinos’ livelihood. Millions of commuters ride these vehicles every day to go to school or work. It offers many cash-strapped Filipinos an affordable and convenient way to travel in the country. 

However, as the Philippines shifts to a more sustainable way of life, the need to modernise the jeepney becomes apparent. The traditional model’s reliance on internal combustion engines goes directly against the principles of decarbonisation. Unless it can adapt to a cleaner and greener world, then it will unfortunately be left out. 

E-Jeepneys 

There is still a way to save the beloved jeepney. Modernising the jeepney does not mean abandoning its classic look.  

Through VivoPower's subsidiary, Tembo e-LV, jeepney makers can use electric utility vehicle (EUV) conversion kits to power e-jeepneys, thus creating a cleaner and greener world for Filipinos. 

The journey of the Filipino jeepney is therefore far from over. By transforming the traditional vehicles into battery electric, we can future-proof the iconic jeepney for the benefit of generations to come. 

For more news & insights, stay tuned to the Tembo website. 

Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a transformative solution in the realm of public transportation. With their potential to mitigate environmental impacts and enhance economic sustainability, EVs offer a promising path forward for countries like the Philippines.

Join us as we explore the diverse benefits of using electric vehicles for public transportation, with a particular focus on the financial and environmental advantages. Let us find out the potential of EVs to revolutionise public transportation in the Philippines in this edition of Tembo Insight.

The Rise of Electric Vehicles in Public Transportation

Electric vehicles are powered by electric motors rather than traditional internal combustion engines (ICEs). They can be categorised into battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs make use of power generated through an electric battery, while PHEVs use a combination of battery and ICE.

The Environmental Imperative

The Philippines, like many countries, faces pressing environmental challenges, including air pollution and climate change. Transitioning to electric vehicles for public transportation can significantly contribute to mitigating these issues.

Environmental Benefits of Electric Vehicles

1. Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions - One of the most prominent environmental advantages of electric vehicles is their capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O).

2. Improved Air Quality - Electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions, eliminating the release of harmful pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere.

3. Energy Efficiency - Electric vehicles are inherently more energy-efficient than their internal combustion engine counterparts. A higher percentage of electrical energy is converted into motion, resulting in reduced energy waste.

4. Renewable Energy Integration - Electric vehicles can be charged using renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, further reducing their carbon footprint.

Financial Benefits of Electric Vehicles

1. Reduced Fuel Costs - Charging an electric vehicle is often more cost-effective than fuelling a gasoline or diesel vehicle. The more stable pricing of electricity adds to the financial predictability of operating an EV.

2. Lower Maintenance Costs - Electric vehicles have much fewer moving parts than ICE vehicles, leading to substantially reduced maintenance requirements and expenses.

3. Government Incentives - Many governments worldwide offer financial incentives, tax credits, and rebates to promote the adoption of electric vehicles. These incentives are part of a country’s policies to make good on its commitment to stated sustainability objectives.

The Transition to Electric Public Transportation in the Philippines

The Philippines has a diverse public transportation system, with jeepneys, buses, and tricycles serving as popular modes of commuting. However, this system faces challenges, including air pollution, traffic congestion, and outdated infrastructure.

Electric jeepneys (e-jeepneys) have emerged as a sustainable alternative to traditional diesel jeepneys and are explicitly mandated by the Philippines government. The Public Utility Vehicle Modernisation Program (PUVMP) aims to replace ICE jeepneys with energy-efficient and environment-friendly electric versions with the key goal of reducing air pollution in the Manila metropolitan area as well as other urban centres.

Financing towards cooperatives that run jeepney services has been established to facilitate this transition. More recently, the government has passed the EVIDA law, which introduces a Comprehensive Roadmap for the Electric Vehicle Industry (CREVI) including significant incentives in components for EVs and charging stations, manufacturing, R&D, and human resource development.

Combined with materially lower operating costs, this transition should result in significant savings for both operating companies/drivers and passengers. Energy cost alone would decrease from PHP 1,500-1,800 diesel cost per day to only around PHP 500-700 electricity cost per day, saving more than PHP 1,000 per day per jeepney unit.

Examples of EV Adoption for Public Transportation

Several cities around the world have already made significant strides in incorporating electric vehicles into their public transportation networks. These examples offer valuable insights and lessons to help the Philippines and other countries to consider a similar transition.

1. Shenzhen, China

Shenzhen achieved a significant milestone by becoming the world's first city to fully electrify its bus fleet. The city replaced its entire fleet of traditional diesel buses with electric buses, totalling over 16,000 vehicles.

The transition was a multi-year effort that involved substantial investments in charging infrastructure, incentives for bus operators to make the switch, and a phased-out approach to retiring conventional buses. As a result, Shenzhen not only reduced its carbon footprint but also improved air quality significantly, demonstrating the feasibility and success of large-scale electrification in a major urban centre.

2. Stockholm, Sweden

Stockholm has been at the forefront of adopting electric buses, contributing to the city's commitment to sustainability and environmental consciousness. The city introduced a fleet of electric and hybrid buses, gradually replacing older, polluting models.

Stockholm's transit authority worked closely with bus manufacturers and implemented supportive policies and incentives to encourage the adoption of electric buses. The city has witnessed a substantial reduction in emissions and improved air quality, demonstrating the positive impact of electric public transportation in a European context.

3. Los Angeles, USA

Los Angeles, a sprawling city known for its extensive highway system, has embraced the challenge of transitioning its public transit fleet to electric vehicles. The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) has committed to a bold plan to transition its entire bus fleet to zero-emission vehicles by 2030.

To achieve this, LA Metro has partnered with various manufacturers to deploy electric buses, secured funding for infrastructure development, and implemented pilot programs to test the feasibility of different electric bus models. This initiative aligns with the city's broader environmental goals and demonstrates how a major American city can lead the way in adopting sustainable transportation solutions.

4. London, UK

London, a global financial hub, has been progressively integrating electric buses into its iconic red double-decker fleet. The introduction of electric buses is part of the city's broader plan to improve air quality and reduce emissions.

London's transit authority, Transport for London (TfL), has implemented strict emissions standards and incentivized the adoption of electric buses. The famous Route 94, which connects Acton Green to Piccadilly Circus, became one of the first routes to operate exclusively with electric double-decker buses. This initiative showcases the adaptability of electric buses in a city with a rich public transportation history.

5. Oslo, Norway

Oslo has taken a comprehensive and holistic approach to the electrification of its public transportation system. The city has not only introduced electric buses but has also committed to electrifying its entire public transit fleet, including trams and ferries.  

Oslo benefits from abundant renewable energy sources, allowing the city to power its electric vehicles with clean energy. Its ambitious goals are supported by a robust charging infrastructure, financial incentives for operators, and a strong commitment to sustainable urban development. The city's success serves as a model for cities looking to transition their entire public transportation ecosystems to electric power.

These examples illustrate the diverse strategies employed by cities worldwide to successfully adopt electric vehicles for public transportation. From mega-cities in China to European capitals and North American metropolises, the global shift toward electrifying public transit is gaining momentum, offering valuable insights and inspiration for others looking to follow suit.

Challenges and Future Outlook

Infrastructure Development

To support widespread adoption, investment in charging infrastructure is essential. Rapid charging stations in urban centres and along major transportation routes are critical.

Battery Technology Advancements

Continued advancements in battery technology, including increased energy density and faster charging capabilities, will enhance the attractiveness of electric vehicles and reduce ‘range anxiety’.

Policy and Regulation

Governments should maintain or enact supportive policies, such as emission reduction targets, financial incentives, and stricter emissions standards, to accelerate the transition to electric public transportation. 

Investing in a Greener, More Sustainable Future

Electric vehicles have the potential to revolutionise public transportation in the Philippines and around the world. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving air quality, and offering significant financial benefits, EVs are a vital component of a sustainable future.

The transition to electric public transportation is not without its challenges, but with the right policies, investments, and public support, it is an achievable goal. As the Philippines and other nations embrace EVs, they take a significant step toward cleaner, more efficient, and more sustainable transportation systems that benefit communities, the environment, and the economy.

VivoPower and Tembo have entered a joint venture with Francisco Motor Corporation to produce state-of-the-art electric jeepneys. The goal is to facilitate the Philippines’ sustainable transition from traditional ICE jeepneys to e-jeepneys.

Francisco Motors’ version of the e-jeepney retains much of the traditional jeepney's iconic look. However, these vehicles will soon be fitted with Tembo’s proprietary EV conversion kits designed for sustainable mobility.

For more news & insights, stay tuned to the Tembo e-LV website. 

The transportation industry is undergoing a profound transformation: electric vehicles (EVs) have become a driving force in the shift to cleaner and more sustainable modes of transport. Tembo, a pioneer in the field of Electric Utility Vehicles (EUVs), offers a truly sustainable way of electrifying vehicle fleets.  

In this edition of Tembo Insights, we will explore the myriad benefits of using Tembo-powered EUVs. Find out how these EVs help reshape industries and contribute to a greener future. 

Tembo Leading the Charge 

Tembo is committed to electrifying various sectors, ranging from mining and construction to agriculture and urban logistics. Our 100% electric vehicles have been engineered to excel in tough real-world applications while minimizing environmental impact.

Unveiling the Benefits 

Let's delve into the numerous benefits that set Tembo EUVs apart as leaders in sustainable mobility: 

1. Environmental Sustainability 

• Zero Emissions - Tembo electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions, significantly reducing their carbon footprint. This makes them an ideal choice for fleet owners in industries striving to meet environmental targets. 

• Reduced Noise Pollution - EVs operate quietly, reducing noise pollution in urban and noise-sensitive areas, and fostering a more pleasant environment in which to live and work. 

2. Cost Efficiency 

• Lower Operating Costs - Electric vehicles, in general, have lower operating costs compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. They benefit from efficient electric drivetrains with fewer components and therefore require less maintenance. 

• Savings on Fuel - The cost of electricity for charging EVs is often significantly lower than traditional fuels, resulting in substantial long-term savings for businesses. 

3. Energy Efficiency 

• Regenerative Braking - Tembo electric vehicles utilize regenerative braking technology, which captures and stores energy during braking, enhancing overall energy efficiency. 

• High Torque - Electric motors provide instant and high torque, ensuring excellent performance even with heavy payloads. 

4. Versatility 

• Adaptability – Tembo electric vehicles are designed to excel in challenging terrains and conditions, making them versatile choices for industries such as mining, agriculture, infrastructure, government services, humanitarian, and tourism. 

5. Reduced Maintenance 

• Fewer Moving Parts - Electric vehicles have fewer moving parts compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, resulting in reduced maintenance requirements, minimizing downtime.

6. Regulatory Compliance 

• Emission Standards - As countries worldwide implement stricter emissions standards, Tembo electric vehicles help businesses adhere to these regulations quickly and sustainably. 

• Environmental Responsibility - Tembo's commitment to sustainability aligns with evolving environmental regulations and standards. 

7. Corporate Responsibility 

• Enhanced Brand Image - Adopting Tembo electric vehicles demonstrates a commitment to corporate social responsibility and sustainability, enhancing brand reputation. 

• Community Engagement - Electric vehicles contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment, fostering positive community relationships.  

The Future of Sustainable Transportation

Our 100% electric utility vehicles offer an array of benefits, ranging from environmental sustainability and cost efficiency to energy efficiency and adaptability.

With a steadfast commitment to technical excellence and environmental responsibility, Tembo is not merely providing transportation solutions. We are enabling industries to evolve and pave the way toward a greener and more sustainable future.

Tembo’s core purpose remains to provide safe and reliable electrification solutions for utility vehicle fleet owners globally, helping perpetuate useful life, reduce costs, maximise return on assets, meet ESG goals, and activate the circular economy.

Stay tuned to the Tembo website for more news & insights.